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catapults instructions
 

When the game first loads into the web browser, it is in the "non-game" state. Here, the user will have an infinite number of practice attempts to hit the target. Not until the user clicks the "play" button will the program proceed into a regimented gaming environment.

The Buttons

  • "Launch" will release the catapult and use all of the current parameters to determine the projectile's motion.
  • "Reset" will re-apply all of the initial values and settings.
  • "Play" initializes the game and proceeds to setup the first round.

Changing Parameters

Aside from positioning the objects on the screen, all data input by the user is located in the upper-left corner of the window. There are two means by which the user may change the projectile motion: physical paramters (speed and angle) or quadratic coefficients (A and B). To change a given parameter, one may either increment it up or down via the corresponding arrows, or by selecting the text, typing in a number, and then hitting "enter" (or "return") on the keyboard. This last step is very important, because the curve will not update until "enter" is stricken. Explore them to find out how one parameter affects the rest!

Moving the Objects

Both the target and the projectile are draggable to anywhere on the playing field during the practice rounds; simply move the mouse over the object, click and hold the left mouse button, and then drag the object to the desired location. The arrow keys may also be used to control the objects. Additionally, the spacebar will launch the projectile from the catapult. The coordinates are shown underneath the projectile and the target, and are with respect to the projectile. While in the game mode, the user will only be able to change the position as per the instructions that will appear at the top of the window. The arrow keys may also be used to control the object position.

Viewing the Trajectory

Checking the "show trajectory" box will draw a line representing the projectile's estimated path if the catapult were to be fired. This feature is only avaiable while in practice mode. Try changing the input parameters to explore their effects on the catapult's trajectory!

Playing the Game

There are six rounds of play, each with a distinct setup and required input from the user. Instructions will appear to guide the user. A list of the equations used to answer the questions is located on the right. Note that the values for x and y are those coordinates shown underneath the target.

Scoring System

The score that is awarded depends on how many attempt it takes for the user to actually hit the target. The scoring system is as follows:

  • First attempt = 5 points
  • Second attempt = 3 points
  • Third attempt = 1 point

The objective is to earn the highest score possible, 30 points. If the user completes all the rounds with a high enough score, the result is a complete destruction of the castle!

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background
 

For additional information about the history of catapults, their uses and design, and the physics behind them, check out the following web links:

Explore the web to see if you can find even more information on catapults!!

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applications
 

Catapults are merely one example of real-life quadratic equations. Parabolic motion occurs in every situation that includes any type of acceleration (like gravity), like the following:

  • hitting a baseball
  • launching a rocket
  • throwing a frisbee
  • hitting a golfball

Additional material for exploring this subject with hands-on activities can be found at the AIM For Engineering website. If you're interested, please follow the link here.

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